Fintech: Una breve historia del futuro.

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En pocas palabras, la tecnología financiera es una tecnología que se utiliza para mejorar la prestación de servicios financieros. El término no ha cobrado fuerza hasta el siglo XXI, pero en realidad ha impulsado la forma en que las personas interactúan con su dinero a lo largo de la historia.

Como te contamos en nuestro último artículo, las fintech están transformando el panorama financiero para siempre. Pero ¿esto siempre ha sido así? ¿desde cuándo existen las fintech? Hoy respondemos a todas tus preguntas acerca de la historia de las fintech a partir de 3 etapas claves.

Primer periodo (1886 – 1967)

Esta primera etapa de la historia fintech implica la construcción de la infraestructura que soportará los servicios financieros globalizados. El primer cable transatlántico (1866) y Fedwire (1918) en Estados Unidos permitieron el primer sistema de transferencia electrónica de fondos utilizando tecnologías como el telégrafo y el código Morse. 

Es poco innovador según los estándares actuales, pero en una época de desarrollo de las infraestructuras y el transporte, la posibilidad de realizar transacciones financieras a una distancia más considerable fue revolucionaria.

Segundo periodo (1968 – 2008)

El inicio de esta fase está marcado por la instalación del primer cajero automático por parte de Barclays en 1967, y se caracteriza por el paso de la analógica a la digitalización de las finanzas. La década de los 70 fue testigo de la creación del NASDAQ, la primera bolsa de valores digital del mundo, y del SWIFT.

En los años 90 se produjeron los primeros movimientos hacia la banca digital, con clientes conectados que empezaron a gestionar su dinero de diferentes maneras. En 1998 se lanzó PayPal, que daría una pista sobre los nuevos sistemas de pago que llegarían.

Tercer periodo (2009 – Actualidad)

Después de la crisis financiera, la falta de confianza en los bancos y los cambios normativos abren el mercado a nuevos proveedores. En 2009 nace el Bitcoin, seguido de otras criptomonedas que utilizan la tecnología blockchain.

La adopción de los teléfonos inteligentes hace que los dispositivos móviles se conviertan en el principal medio de acceso a la web y a otros servicios financieros.

Esta etapa de la historia se ha convertido en la era de las start-ups, con un apetito de innovación entre los inversores y los consumidores que impulsa una ola de nuevos productos y servicios. Incluso los bancos consolidados están empezando a actuar y a marcarse como start-ups, y este alejamiento de los bancos consolidados del segundo periodo ha sido el elemento definitorio de esta nueva etapa.

¿Qué debemos esperar?

Como hemos visto, el camino hasta llegar a donde estamos hoy ha sido mucho más lento que el increíble ritmo de cambio que hemos visto en los últimos veinte años. De tardar sesenta años en llegar al primer cajero automático, las aplicaciones y los sistemas que se actualizan en nuestros bolsillos a diario están ahora destinados a dominar la forma en que gestionamos nuestras finanzas.

Sin embargo, cuando se elimina toda la tecnología, el motor principal de toda esta innovación es cómo se puede mejorar la experiencia para el usuario. Todas las eras de las tecnologías financieras se han basado en el uso de la tecnología para facilitar el uso de los bancos por parte de los clientes, y a medida que esta tecnología evoluciona, también lo hacen las formas en que las personas y las empresas pueden gestionar su dinero.

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