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¿Stablecoin o dólar? Todo lo que necesitas saber.

Tras la introducción de Bitcoin hace 10 años, empezamos a ver muchas altcoins en el mercado, incluyendo Ethereum. El número de estas monedas en la actualidad es de 2224, teniendo en cuenta las registradas actualmente en Coinmarketcap.  

Muchos de nosotros, en algún momento, habríamos imaginado cuánto dinero tendríamos si hubiéramos comprado Bitcoin por valor de 1.000 dólares en el momento adecuado. Esto se debe a que el Bitcoin, al igual que el Ethereum, fluctúa con el precio de los activos que se deja enteramente a la oferta y la demanda del mercado.  

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Estas monedas inestables pueden experimentar altibajos en sus precios, ya que no están gobernadas por ninguna autoridad central. Entonces, ¿existe una rampa de escape segura para evitar esta volatilidad y cómo funciona?

¿Qué son las Stablecoin?

Las stablecoins son criptomonedas que suelen expresarse en dólares. Gracias a estas monedas indexadas en dólares, tienes la oportunidad de maximizar tus posibilidades de protección frente a las fluctuaciones.

A continuación, te presentamos el valor de mercado de las stablecoins más populares en el último año.

Valor de mercado de las stablecoin más populares en el último año.

¿Cómo funcionan las Stablecoin?

Las stablecoin son criptomonedas con un valor fijo. Esto significa que el valor de la criptomoneda no debe fluctuar con frecuencia, como en los criptoactivos normales. Aunque este rango de precios fijos suele estar ligado al dólar estadounidense, también hay monedas fijadas a diferentes índices de precios. 

Dado que, en teoría, las Stablecoins pueden fijarse a casi cualquier cosa, existen Stablecoins fijadas a múltiples monedas fiduciarias e incluso a objetos preciosos como el oro o la plata.

El factor decisivo para las Stablecoins es cómo se mantiene el enganche y en qué se basa todo el sistema. En otras palabras, ¿cómo mantiene el organizador de la moneda su valor?

Algunas Stablecoins centrales, como Tether, requieren que un custodio regule la moneda y reserve una cierta cantidad de garantía. Tether retiene el dólar estadounidense en una cuenta bancaria y la cantidad retenida debe ser igual a la que emiten para mantener el orden del sistema. De este modo, se evitan las fluctuaciones de precios.

Sin embargo, hay otras criptomonedas descentralizadas estables, como DAI, que logran este objetivo sin una figura de autoridad central. Utilizan contratos inteligentes en la blockchain de Ethereum para gestionar las garantías y mantener el orden.

3 tipos de Stablecoin.

Basados en el diseño de la criptomoneda, podemos dividir las stablecoins en 3 tipos principales: Colateralizado Fiat; Criptocolateralizado; Sin colateralizar.

Fiat-colateralizado.

Esta es la versión más simple, con cada moneda Stablecoin producida en esa moneda. La producción y liquidación de la moneda corre a cargo del emisor de la misma. Este sistema es similar a la antigua práctica de “la cantidad de oro que debe guardarse en la caja fuerte del banco central por cada dólar impreso.

Criptocolateralizado.

Como su nombre indica, esta versión utiliza otras criptomonedas (por ejemplo, ETH) como garantía para las monedas estables. Sin embargo, dado que los valores de las criptodivisas en sí no son estables, estas Stablecoins necesitan utilizar un conjunto de protocolos para garantizar que el precio de la stablecoin emitida se mantenga en 1 dólar.

Sin garantía.

Se trata de un diseño muy diferente al de las stablecoins, ya que no está respaldado por ninguna garantía. Funciona de la misma manera que las monedas fiduciarias, en el sentido de que se rige por un soberano como el Banco Central de un país. 

¿Usar stablecoins o dólares?

Las stablecoins son emitidas por empresas de criptografía que están respaldadas por herramientas de inversión financiera tradicionales. Pueden estar vinculadas a cualquier moneda fiduciaria, a materias primas cotizadas en bolsa o metales preciosos o industriales.

Mientras que las monedas fiduciarias son emitidas por los bancos centrales, no están respaldadas por activos. Su valor depende del banco central. El banco central puede regular la oferta total en circulación imprimiendo y retirando su uso.

Utilizar stablecoin puede brindarte lo mejor de los dos mundos: accedes a la estabilidad que te brindan las monedas fiat y a la inmediatez de las criptomonedas. A través de estas últimas puedes sacarle el máximo provecho a la tecnología blockchain, en un contexto en donde cada vez más empresas están aceptando pagos en criptomonedas.

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Introduction: Donald Trump’s reelection and shift in stance toward cryptocurrencies have given an unprecedented boost to the industry in the United States. With promises of deregulation and support for the expansion of digital assets, the Trump administration sets a favorable stage for the crypto markets. This article explores how these changes are reshaping the industry and the key factors driving the prices of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

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