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¿Qué es la web3 y cómo funciona?

El término web3, también escrito como web 3.0, fue concebido originalmente en 2014 por el informático y cocreador de Ethereum Gavin Wood. La denominó web “post-Snowden”. Se trata de una nueva iteración descentralizada de la web que funciona con tecnología de cadena de bloques.

Al reexaminar nuestras suposiciones sobre la privacidad de nuestra información personal y nuestra actividad en línea, Wood escribe que “diseñamos el sistema para hacer cumplir matemáticamente nuestras suposiciones previas, ya que no se puede confiar razonablemente en ningún gobierno u organización”. Esencialmente, con web3, sabemos exactamente lo que ocurre con nuestros datos.

Además de la privacidad de los datos, Wood también hizo hincapié en la seudonimia en línea, lo que significa que los usuarios se conectarán a la web con seudónimos en lugar de con sus identidades reales.

Desde entonces, Web3 ha adquirido un nuevo significado para sus defensores. No sólo es una forma de gestionar los datos, sino que web3 es una forma de redistribuir la propiedad de Internet. “El objetivo de web3 es que la propiedad y la toma de decisiones dejen de estar en manos de un pequeño grupo de personas y pasen a estar en manos de la comunidad. Es muy democrático”, dice Josh Neuroth, jefe de producto de Ankr, una empresa de infraestructura web3. 

¿Cómo funciona web3?

Una vez entendemos la idea principal de la web3, podemos empezar a examinar cómo se supone que ciertos aspectos del desarrollo de web3 alcanzan estos objetivos.

Propiedad de los datos.

Cuando utilizas una plataforma como Facebook o Youtube, tus datos son recogidos, son propiedad y son monetizados por estas empresas. En web3, tus datos se almacenan en tu cartera de criptomonedas. Participarás en aplicaciones y comunidades en web3 a través de tu cartera, y te llevarás tus datos cuando te desconectes. En teoría, al ser tú el dueño de estos datos, también decides si quieres monetizarlos.

Resistencia a la censura

La dinámica de poder entre las plataformas y los creadores de contenidos está muy desequilibrada.

En Web 3, tus datos viven en la cadena de bloques. Cuando decides abandonar una plataforma, puedes llevarte tu reputación contigo, conectándola a otra interfaz que se alinee con tus valores.

La Web 2.0 requiere que los creadores de contenidos confíen en las plataformas para no cambiar las reglas, pero la resistencia a la censura es una característica nativa de una plataforma Web3.

Identidad

Tradicionalmente, se creaba una cuenta para cada plataforma que se utilizaba. Por ejemplo, puedes tener una cuenta de Twitter, una de YouTube y una de Reddit. ¿Quieres cambiar tu nombre para mostrar o tu foto de perfil? Tienes que hacerlo en todas las cuentas. En algunos casos, puedes utilizar los registros sociales, pero esto presenta un problema conocido: la censura. Con un solo clic, estas plataformas pueden bloquearte toda tu vida online. Y lo que es peor, muchas plataformas exigen que les confíes información personal identificable para crear una cuenta.

Web3 resuelve estos problemas permitiéndote controlar tu identidad digital con una dirección Ethereum y un perfil ENS. El uso de una dirección de Ethereum proporciona un único inicio de sesión en todas las plataformas que es seguro, resistente a la censura y anónimo.

¿Por qué la Web3 es importante?

Web3, en pocas palabras, es una versión mejorada de internet que pretende que los usuarios de internet sean soberanos. Uno de sus objetivos es ayudar a los usuarios a controlar cómo se comparte su información en internet y también a controlar quién se beneficia de sus contenidos. En Web3, los usuarios son compensados por el tiempo y los datos que gastan en internet.

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