Crypto Real Estate.

La primera venta de una propiedad en criptomoneda en Portugal puede parecer insignificante, pero no lo parece para quienes han trabajado durante casi un año para hacerla realidad.

El 4 de mayo, en una oficina de la ciudad septentrional de Braga, dos hombres se sentaron frente a ordenadores portátiles Apple. João Marques, el vendedor, pasó la dirección de un monedero de criptomonedas al comprador, que hizo una transferencia y se convirtió en el nuevo propietario de un apartamento en la ciudad valorado en 110.000 euros, algo menos de tres bitcoins en ese momento.

Todo el proceso duró apenas unos minutos, pero fue la culminación de muchos meses de discusiones entre las autoridades fiscales, financieras y notariales portuguesas para acordar cómo permitir que las transacciones inmobiliarias se realicen íntegramente en criptomoneda.
Portugal, que no tiene impuestos sobre las ganancias de capital para las criptomonedas, ha sido un refugio para los inversores. A mediados de abril, la oficina de Silva emitió una guía sobre cómo los notarios deben abordar las transacciones de criptomonedas sin necesidad de convertirlas a euros antes de que sean legales. Silva dice que la medida refleja un claro deseo por parte de los compradores: 

"El cripto es una realidad y ahora se pueden hacer [las ventas de cripto] de forma legal con transparencia, cumpliendo con todo".

Una industria en crecimiento.

El grupo de compradores potenciales está creciendo. Actualmente hay decenas de miles de participantes en la red bitcoin que tienen el equivalente a más de un millón de dólares en sus carteras digitales. Y una encuesta de compradores de vivienda en Estados Unidos encargada por Redfin en diciembre del año pasado encontró que el 12% de los compradores por primera vez planeaban liquidar activos digitales para un pago inicial, un aumento del 5% en el tercer trimestre de 2019.

Cuando el comercio de criptodivisas se disparó durante la pandemia, algunos inversores encontraron oro y se encontraron con fondos para comprar propiedades por primera vez. Aquellos con un patrimonio establecido también añadieron criptografía a sus carteras. El Informe sobre la Riqueza de Knight Frank de 2022, una encuesta mundial realizada a más de 600 gestores de patrimonio que gestionan carteras de particulares con un valor superior a 30 millones de dólares, reveló que casi uno de cada cinco clientes invierte ahora en criptodivisas, tokens y monedas.

Eso reflejaba el pico del mercado. Este año, el desplome de los precios de las criptomonedas provocado por la subida de los tipos de interés ha asustado a los inversores y ha reducido el valor de todas las criptomonedas en unos 2.000 millones de dólares. Sin embargo, el entusiasmo por las ofertas de criptoinmuebles se mantiene, y no solo entre los compradores que buscan convertir sus activos, cada vez más volátiles, en inversiones más seguras.

Crypto Real Estate alrededor del mundo.

El mercado estadounidense de crypto real estate está todavía en sus inicios. Las características del sistema estadounidense, como el requisito de un periodo de “escrow”, en el que los fondos denominados en dólares de ambas partes deben ser retenidos por un tercero neutral, significan que las transacciones realizadas totalmente en criptodivisa son, por ahora, imposibles.

Los reguladores estadounidenses también han adoptado este año una visión más dura de los mercados de criptomonedas, ya que una serie de quiebras de alto perfil de prestamistas de criptomonedas y fondos de cobertura dejaron congelados los activos de los inversores.

Eso no ha impedido los esfuerzos por establecer un sector de crypto real estate. Christine Quinn, agente inmobiliaria y estrella de la serie de telerrealidad de Netflix Selling Sunset, ambientada en una agencia inmobiliaria de alto nivel en Los Ángeles, ha sido una de las primeras en actuar. En abril, Quinn puso en marcha RealOpen, que lista propiedades e intermedia transacciones para posibles compradores de criptomonedas, con su marido, Christian Dumontet, empresario tecnológico y cofundador del servicio de entrega Foodler

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